In ideal conditions madronas can also reach a thickness of 5 to 8 feet (1.5 to 2.4 m) at the trunk, much like an oak tree. It is common to see madronas of about 10 to 25 metres (33 to 82 ft) in height, but with the right conditions trees may reach up to 30 metres (98 ft). The berries dry up and have hooked barbs that latch onto larger animals for migration. In spring, it bears sprays of small bell-like flowers, and in autumn, red berries. The exposed wood sometimes feels cool to the touch. It is an evergreen tree with rich orange-red bark that when mature naturally peels away in thin sheets, leaving a greenish, silvery appearance that has a satin sheen and smoothness. Pacific madrona, madrone or Arbutus, is a species of tree in the family Ericaceae, native to the western coastal areas of North America, from British Columbia to California. Both the Latin and the Germanic words derive from the Proto-Indo-European root el-, meaning "red" or "brown", which is also a root for the English words "elk" and another tree: "elm", a tree distantly related to the alders. The generic name Alnus is the equivalent Latin name. The common name "alder" evolved from Old English "alor", which in turn is derived from Proto-Germanic root aliso. By contrast, the widespread Alnus viridis (green alder) is rarely more than a 5-m-tall shrub. The largest species are red alder located on the west coast of North America, and black alder native to most of Europe and widely introduced elsewhere, both reaching over 30 m. These trees differ from the birches (Betula, the other genus in the family) in that the female catkins are woody and do not disintegrate at maturity, opening to release the seeds in a similar manner to many conifer cones. The flowers are catkins with elongate male catkins on the same plant as shorter female catkins, often before leaves appear they are mainly wind-pollinated, but also visited by bees to a small extent. With a few exceptions, alders are deciduous, and the leaves are alternate, simple, and serrated. In the literary world, the word maple was first published in Geoffery Chaucer's "The Knights Tale" on line 2,065, spelled as "mapul". Maple leaves are traditionally an important part of Canadian Forces military regalia, for example the military rank insignia for generals use maple leaf symbols. The maple is a common symbol of strength and endurance and has been chosen as the national tree of many countries including Canada. Other maples, especially smaller or more unusual species, are popular as specimen trees.Ī maple leaf is on the coat of arms of Canada, and is on the Canadian flag. Particularly popular are Norway Maple (although it is considered invasive in North America), Silver Maple, Japanese Maple, and Red Maple. Some species of maple are extensively planted as ornamental trees by homeowners, businesses and municipalities due to their relatively fast growth, ease of transplanting, and lack of hard seeds that would pose a problem for mowing lawns. Its decided color gives the common names gray, white, black, silver and yellow birch to different species. It is resistant to decay, due to the resinous oil it contains. The bark of all birches is characteristically marked with long, horizontal lenticels, and often separates into thin, papery plates, especially upon the paper birch. They differ from the alders (Alnus, other genus in the family) in that the female catkins are not woody and disintegrate at maturity, falling apart to release the seeds, unlike the woody, cone-like female alder catkins. The fruit is a small samara, although the wings may be obscure in some species. They often appear in pairs, but these pairs are really borne on spur-like, two-leaved, lateral branchlets. The simple leaves are alternate, singly or doubly serrate, feather-veined, petiolate and stipulate. īirch species are generally small to medium-sized trees or shrubs, mostly of temperate climates. In both forms of the hybrid, Leyland cypress combines the hardiness of the Nootka. Although widely used for screening, it has not been planted much for forestry purposes. A hardy, fast-growing natural hybrid, it thrives on a variety of soils and sites and are commonly planted in gardens to provide a quick boundary or shelter hedge, because of their rapid growth. Leyland cypress is light-demanding but is tolerant of high levels of pollution and salt spray. Their rapid, thick growth means they are sometimes used to enforce privacy. Even on sites of relatively poor culture, plants have been known to grow to heights of 15 metres (49 ft) in 16 years. The Leyland cypress - often referred to simply as leylandii, is a fast-growing coniferous evergreen tree much used in horticulture, primarily for hedges and screens.
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